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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Culture and Imaging of Ex Vivo Organotypic Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Tumor Slices from Resected Human Tumor Specimens
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Approach to pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Syed Ali Rizvi1, Wajahat Syed2, Ravi Shergill3

  • 1Undergraduate Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. ali.rizvi@medportal.ca.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
|September 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare appendix tumor. Complete cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) offers curative potential but has variable survival and complication rates, necessitating careful patient selection.

Keywords:
AppendixCytoreductive surgeryHyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapyMucocelePseudomyxoma peritonei

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon, indolent mucinous tumor originating from the appendix, characterized by gelatinous peritoneal deposits.
  • PMP often presents at advanced stages, significantly impacting patient quality of life.
  • Current curative treatment involves complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of PMP.
  • To delineate optimal patient selection and staging for CRS with HIPEC.
  • To explore the prognostic potential of tumor markers in PMP management.

Main Methods:

  • An extensive literature review was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
  • The search focused on studies published between 2007 and 2018 concerning PMP diagnosis and treatment.
  • Included evaluation of diagnostic modalities and prognostic indicators.

Main Results:

  • The 5-year survival rates for CRS with HIPEC range widely from 23% to 82%, with major complication rates up to 24%.
  • Multidetector CT (MDCT) radiological scores demonstrate high sensitivity (94%) and specificity (81%) in predicting resectability and survival.
  • Despite treatment, PMP recurrence is common, highlighting the need for accurate prognostication.

Conclusions:

  • Careful patient selection and staging are crucial for optimizing outcomes with CRS and HIPEC.
  • MDCT scores are valuable tools for assessing resectability and predicting survival in PMP patients.
  • Tumor markers show significant promise for pre-operative prognostication and require further investigation.