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Related Concept Videos

Patient-centered Care01:13

Patient-centered Care

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Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level01:16

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The critical region, critical value, and significance level are interdependent concepts crucial in hypothesis testing.
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Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
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Critical Values01:31

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A critical value is a definite value obtained from a particular probability distribution at a predecided confidence level (or a predecided significance level) for a given population parameter. The critical value provides demarcation that separates the sample statistics that are likely to occur from the ones that are unlikely to occur based on the given probability distribution and the population parameter to be estimated. The critical value for normal distribution is obtained from the z...
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The center of gravity (COG) of an object is the point where the object's total weight is considered to be concentrated. Knowing the location of the center of gravity is useful when predicting the behavior of a moving object or designing static structures. In a uniform gravitational field, the center of gravity is similar to the center of mass (COM); yet, these two points can be positioned differently. For example, the Moon's center of mass lies very close to its geometric center, but...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
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Ramelteon is Not Associated With Improved Outcomes Among Critically Ill Delirious Patients: A Single-Center

Robyn Thom1, Melissa Bui1, Bernard Rosner2

  • 1Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA.

Psychosomatics
|September 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ramelteon did not improve delirium resolution or survival in critically ill patients. This study found no significant association between ramelteon use and better outcomes for patients experiencing delirium.

Keywords:
DeliriumMelatoninMortalityRamelteonVentilation

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Delirium is a common and serious complication in critically ill patients, associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
  • While some research suggests ramelteon may prevent delirium, its effectiveness in treating existing delirium remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of ramelteon on outcomes for critically ill patients with delirium.
  • This study aimed to compare delirium-coma resolution, extubation success, and mortality rates between patients treated with ramelteon and those who were not.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study included 322 intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
  • Patients were stratified based on ramelteon exposure after a positive Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU) score.

Main Results:

  • Ramelteon use was not linked to a higher likelihood of delirium-coma resolution (HR 1.05) or extubation (HR 1.20).
  • There was no significant difference in median hours alive without delirium or coma between groups.
  • While 10-day mortality was lower in the ramelteon group (HR 0.31), this was likely confounded as ramelteon was primarily given post-extubation.

Conclusions:

  • Ramelteon administration was not associated with improved delirium-coma resolution, extubation success, or significant changes in mortality among critically ill patients.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of ramelteon in managing delirium in the ICU setting.