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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
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Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Room-Temperature Liquid Na-K Anode Membranes.

Leigang Xue1, Weidong Zhou1,2, Sen Xin1

  • 1Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Sodium-potassium (Na-K) alloy enables dendrite-free liquid metal batteries at room temperature. This breakthrough allows safe, efficient battery operation using a novel immobilization technique.

Keywords:
alkali-metal anodesbatteriesliquid Na-Kliquid-liquid interfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Liquid alkali-metal batteries offer high energy density but face challenges with dendrite formation and safe operation at room temperature.
  • Previous methods required high temperatures for immobilizing sodium-potassium (Na-K) alloy anodes in porous carbon paper.
  • Immiscibility of Na-K alloy with organic electrolytes is key for stable liquid-liquid interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a room-temperature method for preparing and utilizing liquid Na-K alloy anodes in rechargeable batteries.
  • To demonstrate dendrite-free operation and reversible cycling of immobilized liquid Na-K anodes.
  • To ensure safe handling and long-term stability of liquid metal batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Room-temperature vacuum infiltration of Na-K alloy into porous copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al) membranes.
  • Utilizing the immiscibility of the liquid Na-K alloy with organic carbonate electrolytes.
  • Demonstrating reversible stripping and plating of the liquid alloy anode within the porous matrix.

Main Results:

  • Successfully infiltrated Na-K alloy into Cu and Al membranes at room temperature.
  • Achieved dendrite-free, reversible stripping and plating of the liquid alloy anode.
  • Observed no self-discharge, as the liquid Na-K alloy does not dissolve in the electrolyte.

Conclusions:

  • Room-temperature preparation and operation of liquid alkali-metal anodes are feasible using Na-K alloy and porous membranes.
  • This approach enables safer and more practical dendrite-free liquid metal battery designs.
  • The immobilized liquid anode system shows excellent stability and cycling performance.