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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
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Resonance02:52

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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Radiotherapy (MRIgRT): A 4.5-Year Clinical Experience.

L E Henke1, J A Contreras1, O L Green1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance image-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) use has expanded, with adaptive radiotherapy (ART) increasingly employed for gastrointestinal and breast cancers. This longest single-institution experience highlights evolving trends in MRIgRT applications.

Keywords:
ARTMRI-guided radiation therapyMRIgRTSMARTonline-adaptive radiation therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance image-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) offers superior soft-tissue visualization and adaptive capabilities.
  • Clinical implementation of MRIgRT began in 2014, enabling real-time imaging without additional radiation.
  • Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) allows for adjustments based on anatomical changes during treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the longest single-institution experience with MRIgRT over 4.5 years.
  • To identify trends and changes in the utilization of MRIgRT and ART.
  • To understand shifts in institutional practice patterns for MRIgRT.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical data for patients treated with MRIgRT from 2014-2018.
  • Inclusion of patient demographics, disease sites, dose/fractionation, and ART usage.
  • Comparison of treatment patterns across individual years to identify practice shifts.

Main Results:

  • 642 patients received 666 MRIgRT treatment courses.
  • Breast cancer was most common, followed by abdominal sites; cine MRI gating was a key indication.
  • ART was used in 190 patients, primarily for abdominal cancers, with 67.6% of fractions adapted.

Conclusions:

  • MRIgRT is broadly applicable in radiation oncology with emerging clinical uses.
  • Adaptive radiotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers and accelerated partial breast irradiation are becoming dominant indications.
  • The application of MRIgRT and ART is expected to continue evolving.