Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

50.8K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
50.8K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

58.1K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
58.1K
Divergence and Curl01:15

Divergence and Curl

3.2K
The divergence of a vector field at a point is the net outward flow of the flux out of a small volume through a closed surface enclosing the volume, as the volume tends to zero. More practically, divergence measures how much a vector field spreads out or diverges from a given point. For an outgoing flux, conventionally, the divergence is positive. The diverging point is often called the "source" of the field. Meanwhile, the negative divergence of a vector field at a point means that the vector...
3.2K
Divergence and Stokes' Theorems01:06

Divergence and Stokes' Theorems

3.7K
The divergence and Stokes' theorems are a variation of Green's theorem in a higher dimension. They are also a generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus. The divergence theorem and Stokes' theorem are in a way similar to each other; The divergence theorem relates to the dot product of a vector, while Stokes' theorem relates to the curl of a vector. Many applications in physics and engineering make use of the divergence and Stokes' theorems, enabling us to write...
3.7K
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

8.0K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
8.0K
Divergence and Curl of Electric Field01:25

Divergence and Curl of Electric Field

7.2K
The divergence of a vector is a measure of how much the vector spreads out (diverges) from a point. For example, an electric field vector diverges from the positive charge and converges at the negative charge. The divergence of an electric field is derived using Gauss's law and is equal to the charge density divided by the permittivity of space. Mathematically, it is expressed as
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mezigdomide, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone versus carfilzomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (SUCCESSOR-2): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Nationwide Implementation of Double Reflex Testing for Hepatitis Delta in Spain: Results From the Retrospective Phase of the Spain-DDR Study.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2026
Same author

Gravitational Origin of the QCD Axion.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Warm Inflation with the Standard Model.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Erratum: Isatuximab Subcutaneous by On-Body Injector Versus Isatuximab Intravenous Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Phase III IRAKLIA Study.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2025
Same author

Isatuximab Subcutaneous by On-Body Injector Versus Isatuximab Intravenous Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Phase III IRAKLIA Study.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.7K

Infrared divergences and quantum coherence.

César Gómez1,2, Raoul Letschka1, Sebastian Zell2,3

  • 11Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Integrating soft radiation in quantum electrodynamics (QED) and gravity theories is crucial for finite observables. This process may cause some quantum coherence loss but not full decoherence, preserving key quantum information.

More Related Videos

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.2K
Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
05:59

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis

Published on: October 6, 2023

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.7K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.2K
Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
05:59

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis

Published on: October 6, 2023

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Theoretical physics
  • Quantum field theory
  • Quantum gravity

Background:

  • Theories with long-range forces, such as quantum electrodynamics (QED) and perturbative gravity, necessitate the inclusion of soft radiation for non-vanishing rates.
  • Observables in these theories become finite only after integrating over the infrared (IR) component of emitted soft radiation, irrespective of detector resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of integrating soft radiation on quantum coherence.
  • To determine if this integration leads to full decoherence or partial loss of quantum coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing unitarity as a fundamental principle.
  • Developing a method to define non-vanishing off-diagonal elements of the IR-finite density matrix.
  • Estimating the dependence of quantum coherence loss (purity) on scattering kinematics.

Main Results:

  • The integration of soft radiation, while potentially causing some loss of quantum coherence, does not generally lead to complete decoherence.
  • Non-vanishing off-diagonal elements of the IR-finite density matrix can be defined based on unitarity.
  • The degree of quantum coherence loss is dependent on the scattering kinematics.

Conclusions:

  • Full decoherence is not an inevitable consequence of integrating soft radiation in theories with long-range forces.
  • The proposed method allows for the definition of an IR-finite density matrix that retains off-diagonal elements.
  • Further investigation into the kinematics-dependent loss of purity provides insights into the preservation of quantum information.