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Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
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Two types of serial dependence in visual working memory.

Stefan Czoschke1, Cora Fischer1, Julia Beitner1

  • 1Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory relies on past stimuli. This study reveals distinct mechanisms for how memory traces influence current perceptions across trials (attraction) versus within a trial (repulsion).

Keywords:
motion directionproactive interferenceserial dependencevisionworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Working memory representations are influenced by prior sensory information.
  • Serial dependence, the effect of previous stimuli on current perception, is observed both within and across trials.
  • The underlying neural and cognitive mechanisms for these different forms of serial dependence remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether distinct mechanisms govern serial dependence within and across trials in working memory.
  • To directly compare the effects of preceding stimuli on current stimulus representations.
  • To determine the role of task relevance and report requirements in modulating serial dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Participants memorized two consecutive motion direction stimuli (S1, S2) in each trial.
  • Directly contrasted bias estimates for successive stimuli across and within trials.
  • A second experiment manipulated the requirement to report the second stimulus (S2).

Main Results:

  • A significant attraction was found for the current S1 towards the preceding S2 across trials, particularly when S2 was cued for report.
  • Within a trial, S2 exhibited repulsion from S1.
  • Repulsion within a trial occurred over a wider range of stimulus differences than across-trial attraction.
  • Across-trial attraction persisted even when the previous S2 was not cued for report.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports two distinct types of serial dependence operating across and within trials.
  • Different neural mechanisms likely integrate or segregate memory contents based on task relevance.
  • Working memory dynamically adjusts its processing of past information depending on immediate task demands.