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Related Concept Videos

Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales
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A Guided Protocol for Array Based T2C: A High-Quality Selective High-Resolution High-Throughput Chromosome

Tobias A Knoch1

  • 1Biophysical Genomics, Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Current Protocols in Human Genetics
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed targeted chromatin capture (T2C), a novel method for studying genome 3D architecture and interactions. T2C offers high resolution and cost-effectiveness, enabling detailed analysis from base pairs to the cell nucleus.

Keywords:
chromatin fiber compactionchromatin structurechromosome interaction capturegenome architecture and dynamicssystems genomics

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Understanding genome 3D architecture and regulatory element interactions is crucial for gene function, organismal biology, diagnostics, and genome engineering.
  • Current methods for studying genomic interactions face limitations in resolution, throughput, and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, high-resolution, high-throughput method for capturing chromosome interactions.
  • To enable cost-effective and flexible analysis of genome architecture at various scales.

Main Methods:

  • Developed targeted chromatin capture (T2C), a selective chromosome interaction capture technique.
  • T2C allows adjustable resolution, interaction frequency range, and targeted genetic regions.
  • Achieved high signal-to-noise ratio enabling analysis at the "genomic" statistical mechanics level.

Main Results:

  • Successfully determined chromatin quasi-fiber conformation and its folding into stable multi-loop aggregates/rosettes.
  • Demonstrated T2C's capability for architectural genome sequencing from single base pairs to the entire cell nucleus.
  • Validated T2C's superiority in quality, resolution, and throughput compared to existing techniques.

Conclusions:

  • T2C provides a powerful and versatile tool for analyzing genetic interactions and genome function.
  • This method facilitates systems biological approaches to genome organization and function.
  • T2C has broad applications in basic research, diagnostics, treatment, and genome engineering.