Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

36.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
36.9K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

8.1K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
8.1K
Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

56
Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
56
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

7.3K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
7.3K
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

126
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
126
Transformation01:26

Transformation

61
Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
61

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

70 Years - from DNA Double Helix via Approaching Systems Genomics to a Generalized Unified Evolution Theory.

Postepy biochemii·2024
Same author

Simulation of Different Three-Dimensional Models of Whole Interphase Nuclei Compared to Experiments - A Consistent Scale-Bridging Simulation Framework for Genome Organization.

Results and problems in cell differentiation·2022
Same author

A Guided Protocol for Array Based T2C: A High-Quality Selective High-Resolution High-Throughput Chromosome Interaction Capture.

Current protocols in human genetics·2018
Same author

Simulation of different three-dimensional polymer models of interphase chromosomes compared to experiments-an evaluation and review framework of the 3D genome organization.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology·2018
Same author

Investigation of the spatial structure and interactions of the genome at sub-kilobase-pair resolution using T2C.

Nature protocols·2018
Same author

Dynamic properties of independent chromatin domains measured by correlation spectroscopy in living cells.

Epigenetics & chromatin·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.0K

How Genomes Emerge, Function, and Evolve: Living Systems Emergence-Genotype-Phenotype-Multilism-Genome/Systems

Tobias A Knoch1,2,3

  • 1Biophysical Genomics, TAKnoch Joined Operations Administrative Office, Mannheim, Germany. TA.Knoch@taknoch.org.

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomics research reveals the 3D architecture of genomes, explaining life's fundamental processes and evolution. This new framework clarifies genome function, regulation, and the entanglement of genotype and phenotype.

Keywords:
ChromatinEvolutionGenome ecologyGenome organizationGenome statistical mechanicsGenotype-phenotype multilistic entanglementLife creationSystems genomics

More Related Videos

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
29:13

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

6.3K
Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
14:26

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: April 4, 2016

25.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.0K
Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
29:13

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

6.3K
Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
14:26

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: April 4, 2016

25.4K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Systems Biology
  • Molecular and Structural Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The 3D architecture and dynamics of genomes are crucial for storing, expressing, and replicating genetic information.
  • Previous understanding of genome organization was incomplete, particularly regarding higher-order structures beyond nucleosomes and DNA.
  • Epigenetics and systems biology have highlighted the importance of genome structure in cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complete 3D architecture and dynamics of the genome.
  • To establish a consistent systems statistical mechanics genomics framework.
  • To provide a deeper understanding of genome function, regulation, evolution, and the emergence of life.

Main Methods:

  • Filling centennial gaps in understanding genome 3D architecture and dynamics.
  • Developing a systems statistical mechanics genomics framework.
  • Cross-proving findings through systems analysis and statistical mechanics.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of genome organization: DNA double helix, nucleosomes, chromatin quasi-fibre, stable loops, multi-loop aggregates/rosettes, and chromosomes within the nucleus.
  • Establishment of a consistent and cross-proven systems statistical mechanics genomics framework.
  • Elucidation of genome intrinsic function, regulation, stability/flexibility balance, and replication.
  • Demonstration of the entanglement of genotype and phenotype, influenced by both natural selection and self-referenced manipulation.
  • Clarification of system irreversibility, time directionality, and the emergence of existence.

Conclusions:

  • The resolved 3D genome architecture provides a foundation for understanding life's fundamental processes.
  • The new genomics framework offers insights into genome function, regulation, and evolution.
  • This work redefines our understanding of genomes, life, and complex systems, with implications for artificial life and extraterrestrial biology.