Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

4.5K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
4.5K
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

3.8K
When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
3.8K
Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.5K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.5K
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

15.1K
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
15.1K
Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

13.3K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
13.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

"Stepping forward" wearable overground exoskeletons can improve gait and balance in people with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Disability and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Rural Immersion Placements Help Develop Critical, Community-Focussed Allied Health Students: A Qualitative Study of Student Perspectives.

The Australian journal of rural health·2026
Same author

Re-Engaging in Activities of Daily Living After Critical Illness: A Qualitative Review.

Journal of clinical nursing·2026
Same author

Strengthening National Rural Disability Research Capacity Through a Community of Practice.

The Australian journal of rural health·2025
Same author

"<i>Rock on technology</i>": perspectives of people with neurological conditions on robot-assisted lower limb and gait neurorehabilitation.

Disability and rehabilitation·2025
Same author

Enhancing pharmacists' engagement and collaboration in sport and exercise medicine: An intervention mapping study using the behaviour change wheel.

Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.9K

Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation on Motor Function in Pediatric Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.

Angela Hamilton1, Luke Wakely, Jodie Marquez

  • 1University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.

Pediatric Physical Therapy : the Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association
|September 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) may improve static balance in children with cerebral palsy at follow-up. More research is needed to confirm benefits for other motor functions.

More Related Videos

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
06:01

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.6K
The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb
14:56

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

Published on: September 23, 2018

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy
07:20

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.9K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
06:01

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.6K
The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb
14:56

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

Published on: September 23, 2018

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) presents significant motor challenges in children.
  • Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are being explored to improve motor function in CP.
  • Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is one such technique with potential therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on motor function in pediatric cerebral palsy.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding tDCS effects on motor outcomes in children with CP.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across six electronic databases.
  • Studies were filtered for relevance, focusing on RCTs involving children with CP and tDCS.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment (PEDro scale) were performed, followed by meta-analyses.

Main Results:

  • Nine moderate-quality studies met the inclusion criteria.
  • Meta-analyses of six studies indicated a potential benefit of tDCS for static balance at follow-up.
  • No significant benefits were established for dynamic balance, step length, or overall mobility.

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) may offer improvements in static balance and gait velocity in children with cerebral palsy, particularly at follow-up.
  • Heterogeneity among studies necessitates caution in interpretation.
  • Further rigorous research is required to establish definitive clinical recommendations for tDCS in this population.