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Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Tubular secretion and reabsorption are two critical processes in the nephron tubule of the kidneys. When the fluid filtered from the glomerulus enters the proximal convoluted tubule, it is referred to as filtrate, and its composition changes due to tubular reabsorption and secretion.
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Evaluation of Unconventional Protein Secretion by

Natsuko Miura1, Mitsuyoshi Ueda2

  • 1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan. miura.natsuko@biochem.osakafu-u.ac.jp.

Cells
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Fungal allergens can be secreted outside cells through unconventional pathways, bypassing traditional signals. This review explores these fungal protein secretion methods, including those in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Keywords:
Saccharomyces cerevisiaefungal allergensprotein secretionunconventional secretion pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Proteome analysis reveals diverse extracellular fungal proteins, including allergens.
  • Many secreted fungal allergens lack conventional secretion signal sequences.
  • Unconventional secretion pathways, such as autophagy and extracellular vesicles, are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent data on unconventional protein secretion in fungi.
  • To propose methods for evaluating these pathways in fungal species.
  • To focus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on fungal protein secretion.
  • Analysis of studies investigating unconventional secretion mechanisms.
  • Discussion of methodologies applicable to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi.

Main Results:

  • Identified various fungal allergens secreted via unconventional pathways.
  • Highlighted the role of autophagy and extracellular vesicles in secretion.
  • Noted that secretion pathways are unknown for most extracellular fungal proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Unconventional protein secretion is crucial for fungal allergen release.
  • Standardized methods are needed to study these pathways in fungi like Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of fungal extracellular protein secretion.