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Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Immunity.

Joseph C Avery1, Peter R Hoffmann2

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Selenium, essential for immune responses, functions through selenoproteins. This review explores selenium

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Selenium is a vital micronutrient integral to physiological processes, particularly immune responses.
  • Biological effects of selenium are mediated through its incorporation into selenoproteins, with 25 identified members in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the role of selenium and selenoproteins in immune cell regulation.
  • To discuss the implications of dysregulated selenium-dependent processes in inflammation and immune-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on selenium, selenoproteins, and immuno-biology.
  • Integration of insights from high-throughput omic approaches and bioinformatics.
  • Consideration of data from innovative experimental systems for mechanistic interrogation.

Main Results:

  • Adequate dietary selenium intake is critical for optimal immune system function.
  • Selenoproteins play diverse roles in regulating immune cell activities.
  • Dysregulation in selenium metabolism or selenoprotein function is linked to inflammatory conditions and immune disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium and its incorporated selenoproteins are fundamental regulators of immune cell function.
  • Understanding these roles is crucial for addressing inflammation and immune-related diseases.
  • Further research into selenium's impact on immuno-biology holds therapeutic potential.