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3D printing and its applications in orthopaedic trauma: A technological marvel
Hitesh Lal1, Mohit Kumar Patralekh1
1Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Safdarjung Hospital and VMMC, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Three dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, is revolutionizing orthopaedic trauma surgery by enabling patient-specific models, instrumentation, and implants. This technology enhances surgical planning and improves patient outcomes in trauma care.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Biomedical Engineering
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Three dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is rapidly emerging as a transformative technology in orthopaedic trauma surgery.
- Patient-specific anatomical models created from CT or MRI scans enhance surgeons' understanding of complex patho-anatomy.
- This technology facilitates precise preoperative planning, leading to improved surgical accuracy and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current applications of 3D printing in orthopaedic trauma surgery.
- To highlight the role of 3D printing in creating patient-specific models, instrumentation, implants, orthoses, and prostheses.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted in June 2018 using databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
- Keywords included "3D Printing", "additive manufacturing", "rapid prototyping", "Orthopaedics", and "Trauma".
- Titles and abstracts were screened, duplicates and unrelated papers were excluded, and papers specifically related to orthopaedic trauma were selected for review.
Main Results:
- The literature search yielded a significant number of papers, with 59 relevant studies selected for review after initial screening and exclusion of duplicates and irrelevant articles.
- Papers focusing solely on spine fractures were excluded as they were covered in a separate publication.
- The search identified a growing body of evidence on 3D printing applications in orthopaedics.
Conclusions:
- Orthopaedic surgeons and scientists worldwide are actively utilizing 3D printing technology across nearly all areas of orthopaedic trauma surgery.
- Applications include the design of patient-specific models, instrumentation, implants, orthoses, and prostheses.
- Emerging applications also involve 3D bioprinting for bone and cartilage scaffolding, indicating the broad impact of this technology.
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