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Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
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Mesophyll conductance to CO

Makoto Watanabe1, Yu Kamimaki2, Marino Mori2

  • 1Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan. nab0602@cc.tuat.ac.jp.

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|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ozone pollution reduces photosynthesis in beech trees by decreasing mesophyll conductance (gm), not carboxylation capacity. This affects CO2 uptake, impacting plant health and productivity.

Keywords:
Chlorophyll fluorescenceMesophyll conductanceOzonePhotosynthesisSiebold’s beechV cmax

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Forest Ecology

Background:

  • Ozone is a harmful air pollutant affecting plant photosynthesis.
  • Previous studies linked ozone to reduced photosynthetic rates, primarily attributing it to decreased Vcmax/Jmax, assuming infinite mesophyll conductance (gm).
  • The precise role of gm in ozone's impact on Vcmax and Jmax remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of ozone on photosynthetic processes, specifically mesophyll conductance (gm), in Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata).
  • To differentiate the effects of ozone on CO2 concentration-based (Ci) versus chloroplast (Cc) Vcmax.
  • To determine if ozone-induced reductions in Ci-based Vcmax are due to decreased gm or carboxylation capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Siebold's beech seedlings were exposed to ambient, 1.0x, and 1.5x ozone concentrations for two growing seasons.
  • Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured.
  • Net photosynthetic rate (A) vs. intercellular CO2 (Ci) and chloroplast CO2 (Cc) curves (A/Ci and A/Cc) were analyzed to determine Vcmax, Jmax, and gm.

Main Results:

  • Ozone significantly decreased Ci-based Vcmax and gm in September.
  • No significant effects of ozone were observed on Cc-based Vcmax, Rubisco content, or chlorophyll content.
  • Despite decreased gm, intercellular CO2 (Ci) increased, offsetting the reduction, and chloroplast CO2 (Cc) remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Ozone-induced reduction in Ci-based Vcmax is primarily caused by decreased mesophyll conductance (gm), not a decline in carboxylation capacity.
  • Mesophyll conductance (gm) is a critical factor mediating the negative effects of elevated ozone on Siebold's beech photosynthesis.
  • Net photosynthesis (A) was not significantly altered by ozone due to compensatory increases in Ci and stable Cc-based Vcmax.