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Comparing Pathological Risk Factors for Dementia between Cognitively Normal Japanese and Americans.

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Cognitively normal elderly Japanese individuals exhibit greater vascular disease but lower regional amyloid-beta (Aβ) brain burden compared to Americans. This suggests differing dementia risk profiles and warrants further longitudinal investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data indicated lower brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden in Japanese compared to Americans within a cognitively normal population.
  • Understanding ethnic differences in brain pathology is crucial for identifying dementia risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare vascular disease burden, Aβ burden, and neurodegeneration between cognitively normal elderly Japanese and Americans.
  • To investigate potential ethnic variations in dementia risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study matching 95 Japanese and 95 American participants for age, sex, and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.
  • Vascular disease assessed via white matter lesions (WMLs); Aβ burden measured by 11C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) retention.
  • Neurodegeneration evaluated using hippocampal volumes and cortical thickness.

Main Results:

  • Japanese participants had significantly larger WMLs compared to Americans.
  • Global Aβ standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), cortical thickness, and hippocampal volumes were similar between groups.
  • Japanese individuals showed significantly lower regional Aβ SUVR in specific brain areas (anterior ventral striatum, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus).

Conclusions:

  • Cognitively normal elderly Japanese and Americans present distinct profiles of vascular disease and Aβ burden.
  • These findings suggest that multiple risk factors contribute to dementia development.
  • Lower Aβ burden in Japanese individuals may indicate a reduced dementia risk compared to Americans, meriting longitudinal follow-up.