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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
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Overcoming Interfacial Scaling Using Engineered Nanocelluloses: A QCM-D Study.

Amir Sheikhi, Adam L J Olsson1, Nathalie Tufenkji1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , 3610 University Street , Montreal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered hairy nanocellulose crystals effectively prevent industrial scale formation, offering a green alternative to traditional antiscalants. This biomass-derived solution shows complete calcium carbonate scale inhibition at low concentrations.

Keywords:
calcium carbonatecellulose nanocrystalselectrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulosegreen antiscalantscaling

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Industrial water systems face significant challenges from inorganic salt scaling, leading to increased operational resistance.
  • Conventional antiscalants, often based on phosphorus, nitrogen, or sulfur, pose environmental risks.
  • Developing effective and environmentally friendly green antiscalants from biomass remains a challenge due to its chemical inertness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antiscaling performance of nanoengineered anionic hairy cellulose crystals.
  • To investigate their efficacy in preventing calcium carbonate nucleation and growth.
  • To explore the potential of biomass-derived materials as green antiscalants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) for real-time performance evaluation.
  • Tested nanoengineered anionic hairy cellulose crystals with dicarboxylated amorphous cellulose chains (charge density > 5.5 mequiv/g).
  • Assessed performance under harsh supersaturated conditions at 50 °C on pre-scaled silica surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mass deposition rate of approximately zero, indicating complete scale inhibition.
  • Demonstrated complete scale inhibition with less than 10 ppm of hairy nanocellulose.
  • Showcased the potential for creating scale-resistant interfaces by coating surfaces with hairy nanocelluloses.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoengineered hairy nanocelluloses are highly effective green antiscalants against calcium carbonate scale.
  • These biomass-derived materials offer a promising, environmentally benign solution for industrial water treatment.
  • Engineered hairy nanocelluloses can lead to the development of practical scale-resistant interfaces.