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Synthesis and Characterization of CNC/CNF/rGO Composite Films for Advanced Functional Applications.

Ghazaleh Ramezani1, Ion Stiharu1, Theo G M van de Ven2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada.

Micromachines
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite films with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) show superior mechanical and electrical properties. These advanced functional materials are ideal for flexible electronics and high-performance applications.

Keywords:
cellulose nanocrystalscellulose nanofibrilscomposite filmsdielectric spectroscopyelectrical conductivitymechanical propertiesreduced graphene oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Advanced functional materials demand synergistic integration of nanoscale reinforcements.
  • Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) offer tunable properties for composite development.
  • Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) provides unique electrical and mechanical enhancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel composite films integrating CNCs, CNFs, and rGO.
  • To evaluate the mechanical, electrical, dielectric, and thermal properties of the developed composites.
  • To explore the potential applications of these multifunctional films.

Main Methods:

  • Solution casting, high shear homogenization, vacuum filtration, and chemical reduction were employed for synthesis.
  • Mechanical testing (tensile strength, Young's modulus) was performed.
  • Electrical conductivity, dielectric properties, and thermal stability were comprehensively characterized.

Main Results:

  • The CNC/CNF/rGO films exhibited a hierarchical structure with strong interfacial interactions.
  • Exceptional mechanical properties were achieved: 215 MPa tensile strength and 18 GPa Young's modulus.
  • A continuous conductive network demonstrated frequency-independent electrical conductivity up to 30 kHz and thermal stability up to 200 °C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CNC/CNF/rGO films possess excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties.
  • These materials are suitable for flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding, advanced packaging, and structural applications.
  • Further optimization using advanced modeling is recommended to enhance multifunctionality.