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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.1K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.1K
Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.6K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.6K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.7K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.7K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.1K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores
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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

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Temporal Response of Ionic Current Blockade in Solid-State Nanopores.

Makusu Tsutsui1, Kazumichi Yokota1, Akihide Arima1

  • 1The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Signal delay in nanopore analysis is improved by understanding ionic current responses. New device designs enhance temporal resolution for precise single-molecule imaging in electrolyte solutions.

Keywords:
capacitanceionic currentnanoporepolyimidesilicon nitride

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Resistive pulse analysis is vital for detecting fine features in ionic current blockades during analyte translocation.
  • Low-thickness-to-diameter aspect ratio pores are used for single-molecule tomography.
  • Signal delay is a critical factor affecting accuracy in these analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate ionic current response to nanoparticle dynamics in ultrathin solid-state nanopores.
  • To investigate the impact of pore resistance and membrane capacitance on resistive pulse waveforms.
  • To develop improved device designs for enhanced temporal resolution in nanopore sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic investigation of ionic current response under varying salt concentrations and device configurations.
  • Analysis of resistive pulse waveforms influenced by dynamic nanoparticle motion.
  • Characterization of charging/discharging processes at solid-state nanopore dielectrics.

Main Results:

  • Slow charging/discharging processes at water-touching thin dielectrics significantly modify resistive pulse waveforms.
  • Identified key factors affecting signal delay in ultrathin solid-state nanopores.
  • Demonstrated substantial modifications in waveforms due to dielectric properties.

Conclusions:

  • Findings offer a breakthrough for nanoporescopy, enabling nanoscopic shape measurement of single bioparticles and molecules.
  • A novel device design improves temporal resolution without sacrificing spatial sensitivity.
  • Understanding signal delay is crucial for advancing single-molecule analysis in electrolyte solutions.