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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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All Carbon Dual Ion Batteries.

Zhe Hu1,2, Qiannan Liu2, Kai Zhang3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Dual ion batteries utilizing sodium (Na+) and hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) ions offer high voltage and abundant sodium resources. All-carbon designs with graphite cathodes achieve ultrahigh discharge voltages, showing promise for future energy storage applications.

Keywords:
Anion ion batteriesDual ion batteriesGraphiteHard carbonPseudocapacitance

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Dual ion batteries (DIBs) are gaining attention for high operating voltage and abundant sodium (Na) resources.
  • Sodium-based chemistry offers a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate graphite as a cathode material for high-voltage sodium-based dual ion batteries.
  • To evaluate the performance and characteristics of all-carbon DIBs using graphite and hard carbon.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical testing of graphite cathode in a dual ion battery.
  • In situ X-ray diffraction and in situ Raman spectroscopy for phase change analysis.
  • Characterization of all-carbon DIBs with graphite cathode and hard carbon anode.

Main Results:

  • Graphite cathode achieved a high average discharge platform of 4.52 V vs Na+/Na.
  • All-carbon DIBs demonstrated an ultrahigh discharge voltage of 4.3 V with a reversible capacity of 62 mAh·g-1 at 40 mA·g-1.
  • Phase changes were analyzed, revealing stable structures contributing to long cycle life and pseudocapacitance enhancing rate capability.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium-based dual ion batteries, particularly all-carbon systems, show significant potential for future energy storage.
  • The use of graphite as a cathode material offers a cost-effective and high-performance solution.
  • Stable structures and pseudocapacitive behavior are key to the promising performance of these DIBs.