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[Rotavirus infections in pigs].

G Popov, G Ignatov

    Veterinarno-Meditsinski Nauki
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Rotaviruses cause significant diarrhea in pigs, affecting both young piglets and weaned animals. This study highlights the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis, particularly in colder months, and discusses its link to natural immunity levels.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Virology
    • Animal Science

    Background:

    • Rotaviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis in pigs worldwide.
    • Understanding the epizootic patterns and risk factors associated with rotavirus infections is crucial for effective disease management in swine populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of rotaviruses in pigs with diarrhea.
    • To characterize the clinical presentation and mortality rates of rotavirus gastroenteritis in different age groups of pigs.
    • To explore the correlation between natural immunity in sows and the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in piglets.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 132 fecal samples and intestinal cross-sections from 123 pigs using immunofluorescence and agar gel immunodiffusion.
    • Classification of rotavirus gastroenteritis into early (suckling pigs) and late (weaned pigs) types.
    • Serological examination of sow blood sera to detect group-specific rotavirus antibodies.

    Main Results:

    • Rotaviruses were detected in 57.3% of fecal samples and 30.9% of intestinal sections.
    • Group-specific rotavirus antigen was identified in 14.3% of fecal extracts.
    • Mortality rates ranged from 7-17% in suckling pigs and 5% in weaned pigs, with higher rates in mixed infections.
    • Rotavirus enteritis prevalence peaked in autumn-winter, and 71% of sows had group-specific antibodies.

    Conclusions:

    • Rotaviruses are a significant cause of diarrhea in pigs, with distinct early and late-onset forms.
    • Low titers of natural immunity in sows may be linked to the epizootic dynamics of rotavirus diarrhea.
    • Effective control strategies should consider age-specific disease patterns and maternal immunity levels.

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