Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Internal and External Forces01:12

Internal and External Forces

16.3K
Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the object or system. In contrast, internal forces originate inside the system of interest and do not lead to any acceleration. In simpler words, internal forces are forces that act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. External forces are forces that act on an object due to some other object. Therefore, when...
16.3K
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

7.7K
External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
7.7K
Internal Energy02:00

Internal Energy

36.8K
The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
36.8K
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

621
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
621
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

74.7K
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
74.7K
Work Done on a System by External Force01:11

Work Done on a System by External Force

3.0K
The work done by an external force on a particle changes its kinetic energy. However, internal forces must also be considered for a system of interacting particles. The potential energy formulation helps formulate the effect of internal forces. The net work done by an external force can be written in terms of the total change of mechanical energy, which includes both kinetic and potential energies.
In the presence of a non-conservative opposing force, like friction, some part of the work done...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prevalence, Perpetrators, and Patterns of Violence in Pelotas, Brazil: A Cross-Cohort Analysis Over Four Decades.

Journal of interpersonal violence·2026
Same author

Occurrence of metabolic syndrome in young adults and inequalities according to sex, skin color, and socioeconomic status: evidence from two birth cohorts in Southern Brazil.

Cadernos de saude publica·2026
Same author

Intersection of race/skin color and sex in intentional self-inflicted injury rates among Brazilian people (2014-2023).

Cadernos de saude publica·2026
Same author

[Relationship between stressful events and inflammatory markers in young adults from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort].

Cadernos de saude publica·2026
Same author

Adiposity trajectories from ages 11 to 22 years: 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.

Cadernos de saude publica·2026
Same author

Cohort profile update: The 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort follow-up at 30 years.

International journal of epidemiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Mouse Microsurgery Infusion Technique for Targeted Substance Delivery into the CNS via the Internal Carotid Artery
06:41

Mouse Microsurgery Infusion Technique for Targeted Substance Delivery into the CNS via the Internal Carotid Artery

Published on: January 31, 2017

11.6K

[Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and substance use in adolescence].

Wanêssa Lacerda Poton1, Ana Luiza Gonçalves Soares2, Helen Gonçalves3

  • 1Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Vila Velha, Vilha Velha, Brasil.

Cadernos De Saude Publica
|September 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Early adolescent behavior problems, including externalizing and internalizing types, predict later substance use. Addressing these issues in youth can reduce adolescent tobacco and alcohol consumption.

More Related Videos

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice
07:51

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice

Published on: August 1, 2025

1.0K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Mouse Microsurgery Infusion Technique for Targeted Substance Delivery into the CNS via the Internal Carotid Artery
06:41

Mouse Microsurgery Infusion Technique for Targeted Substance Delivery into the CNS via the Internal Carotid Artery

Published on: January 31, 2017

11.6K
Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice
07:51

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice

Published on: August 1, 2025

1.0K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Adolescent Health
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Behavioral problems in early adolescence are linked to later substance use.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
  • The Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort provides a valuable longitudinal dataset for this research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between externalizing behavior problems (EBP), internalizing behavior problems (IBP), and combined EBP/IBP (EIBP) in early adolescence.
  • To examine the association between these behavior problems and substance use (alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs) at age 15.
  • To inform public health interventions for preventing adolescent substance use.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study using data from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort.
  • Behavior problems assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age 15.
  • Substance use assessed via confidential self-report questionnaire at age 15.
  • Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment used for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with EBP had a higher risk of alcohol abuse and experimentation, and tobacco use.
  • Adolescents with IBP showed increased risk for tobacco experimentation and recent use.
  • Adolescents with EIBP had a significantly higher risk for tobacco use and a lower risk for alcohol experimentation.

Conclusions:

  • Early adolescent behavior problems are significant predictors of adolescent substance use, particularly tobacco.
  • Interventions targeting behavioral issues in early adolescence may reduce future tobacco and alcohol consumption.
  • Public health initiatives should consider addressing behavioral problems as a preventive measure against adolescent substance use.