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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
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Physiological Response of

Michaela Graf1, Julia Zieringer1, Thorsten Haas1

  • 1Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Brain-heart infusion (BHI) significantly boosts Corynebacterium glutamicum growth rates and substrate consumption compared to amino acids alone. This indicates BHI

Keywords:
Corynebacterium glutamicumamino acid uptakecarbon and nitrogen consumptiongrowth ratesensitivity analysesstoichiometric network model iMG481substrate consumption

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering
  • Microbial physiology and metabolism
  • Metabolic engineering

Background:

  • Economic viability of bioprocesses relies on high productivities, driven by growth rates (μ) and substrate consumption rates (qS).
  • Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrially relevant microorganism for bioprocess applications.
  • Optimizing nutrient conditions is crucial for enhancing microbial performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and improve growth rates (μ) and substrate consumption rates (qS) in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
  • To compare the effects of complex brain-heart infusion (BHI) and amino acid (AA) supplementation on C. glutamicum.
  • To elucidate the metabolic and energetic advantages of different nutrient strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivation of Corynebacterium glutamicum in standard minimal medium CGXII with glucose.
  • Supplementation of the medium with varying concentrations of BHI or AA cocktails.
  • Measurement of growth rates (μ) and substrate consumption rates (qS).
  • Analysis of ATP demands and biomass yields.
  • Employment of an expanded stoichiometric model (iMG481) for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Maximum growth rate (μ = 0.67 h⁻¹) achieved with 37 g BHI L⁻¹, significantly higher than AA supplementation (μ = 0.468 h⁻¹).
  • Optimal glucose consumption rates (qGlc) observed with 1-10 g BHI L⁻¹, with higher BHI concentrations and AA supplementation showing reduced qGlc.
  • BHI supplementation exhibited Monod-type saturation kinetics, indicating preference for non-AA nutrients.
  • ATP demands were halved at BHI concentrations above 5 g L⁻¹, suggesting energetic benefits of complex nutrients.
  • Biomass per carbon yields remained consistent (~18 gCDW C-mol⁻¹).
  • Simultaneous uptake of 17 AAs observed, with L-asparagine and L-glutamine showing highest consumption rates.
  • Stoichiometric modeling highlighted the role of the transaminase network and identified L-tryptophan and L-phenylalanine as key modulators of growth.

Conclusions:

  • Brain-heart infusion (BHI) is a superior supplement for enhancing Corynebacterium glutamicum growth and substrate utilization compared to amino acids alone.
  • The energetic advantage of consuming complex nutrients in BHI contributes to improved metabolic efficiency.
  • Stoichiometric modeling provides valuable insights into metabolic regulation and identifies specific amino acids critical for optimizing growth.