Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

8.7K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.7K
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

2.9K
2.9K
Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning01:19

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning

1.0K
Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
The steps involved in shaping begin with reinforcing any response that resembles the desired behavior. For example, parents might praise a child for picking up one toy. As...
1.0K
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

26.5K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
26.5K
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

6.3K
6.3K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

11.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
11.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Slow Dissociation of Nitazenes from the <i>μ</i>-Opioid Receptor Underlies the Challenge of Overdose Reversal.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the Relationship between Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) Inhibition and Neurologic Adverse Events in Approved Drugs.

ACS pharmacology & translational science·2026
Same author

(N)-Methanocarba-adenosines as monoamine transporter allosteric inhibitors: Extended N<sup>6</sup> groups for bitopic stabilization.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Pharmacology of newly identified nitazene variants reveals structural determinants of affinity, potency, selectivity for mu opioid receptors.

Neuropharmacology·2025
Same author

Pharmacologic Characterization of Substituted Nitazenes at <i>μ</i>, <i>κ</i>, and <i>Δ</i> Opioid Receptors Suggests High Potential for Toxicity.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics·2024
Same author

Enantiomeric Separation, Absolute Configuration by X-ray Crystallographic Analysis, and Functional Evaluation of Enantiomers of the Dual Ligand, SYA0340 at 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>7A</sub> Receptors.

ACS omega·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Stereotaxic Microinjection of Viral Vectors Expressing Cre Recombinase to Study the Role of Target Genes in Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference
08:22

Stereotaxic Microinjection of Viral Vectors Expressing Cre Recombinase to Study the Role of Target Genes in Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference

Published on: July 30, 2013

19.1K

Distinct Roles for Two Chromosome 1 Loci in Ethanol Withdrawal, Consumption, and Conditioned Place Preference.

Laura B Kozell1, Deaunne L Denmark1, Nicole A R Walter1

  • 1Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center and School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.

Frontiers in Genetics
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified two distinct alcohol withdrawal QTLs (Alcw11 and Alcw12) on chromosome 1 in mice. These loci influence alcohol withdrawal severity and anxiety-like behaviors, with Kcnj9 implicated in both withdrawal and reward.

Keywords:
GIRKanxietyconsumptionconvulsionsquantitative trait locus (QTL)

More Related Videos

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
10:28

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

Published on: February 18, 2016

18.0K
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations to Reveal Whole Chromosomes, Telomeres and Gene Loci
09:07

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations to Reveal Whole Chromosomes, Telomeres and Gene Loci

Published on: March 4, 2021

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Stereotaxic Microinjection of Viral Vectors Expressing Cre Recombinase to Study the Role of Target Genes in Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference
08:22

Stereotaxic Microinjection of Viral Vectors Expressing Cre Recombinase to Study the Role of Target Genes in Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference

Published on: July 30, 2013

19.1K
Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
10:28

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

Published on: February 18, 2016

18.0K
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations to Reveal Whole Chromosomes, Telomeres and Gene Loci
09:07

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations to Reveal Whole Chromosomes, Telomeres and Gene Loci

Published on: March 4, 2021

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Pharmacogenetics

Background:

  • Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 1 influence alcohol withdrawal risk.
  • Previous studies identified a critical region for alcohol withdrawal severity in mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and localize distinct QTLs for alcohol withdrawal on mouse chromosome 1.
  • To investigate the roles of these QTLs in alcohol withdrawal severity, anxiety-like behavior, and ethanol consumption.
  • To identify candidate genes underlying these QTLs, particularly Kcnj9.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized QTL interval-specific congenic (ISC) mouse models.
  • Measured alcohol withdrawal severity using handling-induced convulsions.
  • Assessed anxiety-like behavior and ethanol consumption (two-bottle choice).
  • Genotyped Kcnj9 null mutant mice.

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct QTLs, Alcw11 and Alcw12, explaining significant genetic variance in alcohol withdrawal severity.
  • Localized Alcw11 and Alcw12 to specific chromosomal regions syntenic with human 1q23.1-23.3.
  • Demonstrated Alcw11 and Alcw12 involvement in withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior.
  • Kcnj9 null mutant mice exhibited reduced alcohol withdrawal severity and increased voluntary alcohol consumption.
  • Kcnj9 is implicated in both ethanol reward and withdrawal phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Two distinct QTLs on chromosome 1 significantly impact alcohol withdrawal risk and related behaviors.
  • Kcnj9 is a strong candidate gene for Alcw11, influencing both alcohol withdrawal and reward.
  • These findings provide insights into the genetic architecture of alcohol dependence and potential therapeutic targets.