[Toxicity of immune checkpoints inhibitors]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunotherapy
• Clinical Medicine

Background:

• Anti-tumoral immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has transformed cancer treatment.
• ICI target co-inhibitory receptors like CTLA4 and PD1, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.
• While effective, ICI therapy can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), mimicking autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the essential role of awareness regarding immunotherapy-related adverse events.
• To emphasize the need for prompt diagnosis and effective management of potentially serious adverse events associated with ICI.
• To underscore the importance of understanding the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of irAEs.

Main Methods:

• Review of current understanding of immunotherapy-related adverse events.
• Analysis of the impact of immune checkpoint blockade on T-cell regulation.
• Synthesis of clinical observations regarding irAEs.

Main Results:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a cornerstone of modern oncology.
• Adverse events, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs), are a significant clinical consideration with ICI therapy.
• Severe irAEs, though rare, can be life-threatening if not appropriately managed.

Conclusions:

• Increased use of ICI necessitates heightened awareness of irAEs for timely diagnosis and treatment.
• Further research is required to elucidate the precise clinical features, temporal patterns, and underlying mechanisms of irAEs.
• Effective management strategies for irAEs are critical to optimize patient outcomes in ICI therapy.