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Comparative Study of Square and Circular Loop Frequency Selective Surfaces for Millimeter-Wave Imaging Diagnostics

Wahab Mohyuddin1, Dong Hwi Kim2, Hyun Chul Choi3

  • 1School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea. chwahab@ee.knu.ac.kr.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Circular-loop frequency selective surface (FSS) filters offer superior performance and consistency for mm-wave receivers compared to square-loop designs. They exhibit less sensitivity to fabrication tolerances, ensuring reliable protection for sensitive imaging equipment.

Keywords:
frequency selective surface (FSS)imaging diagnostics systemslarge-size FSSmillimeter-wave

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Applied Physics
  • Microwave Engineering
  • Metamaterials

Background:

  • Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) imaging receivers require effective filtering solutions to prevent interference and protect sensitive components.
  • Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) are crucial for creating selective filters in mm-wave applications.
  • Fabrication tolerances pose a significant challenge for large-sized FSS structures at mm-wave frequencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a design methodology for large-sized square-loop and circular-loop FSS filters for mm-wave receiver protection.
  • To investigate the impact of fabrication tolerances on FSS performance at mm-wave frequencies.
  • To compare the robustness and consistency of square-loop versus circular-loop FSS designs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive parametric variation study was conducted on square-loop and circular-loop FSS structures.
  • Notch filters resonating at 105 GHz were designed as a practical example.
  • Performance evaluation of designed filters using multiple prototypes.

Main Results:

  • Circular-loop FSS structures demonstrated significantly lower sensitivity to fabrication tolerances compared to square-loop designs.
  • Implemented circular-loop FSS filters showed minimal resonant frequency deviation (approx. 0.5 GHz) from designed values.
  • Both filter types achieved low pass-band loss and high rejection (23 dB) at resonance, with good oblique angle performance.

Conclusions:

  • Circular-loop FSS designs offer more consistent and reliable performance for mm-wave applications due to their reduced sensitivity to fabrication errors.
  • The presented design method enables the creation of effective FSS filters for protecting mm-wave imaging receivers.
  • The findings facilitate the development of robust FSS filters for demanding mm-wave systems.