Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain
Published on: March 8, 2024
Study protocol for single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial to clarify the preventive efficacy of
Makiko Yamamoto1, Akio Kimura2, Kento Takii2
1Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. makiyamamoto@hosp.ncgm.go.jp.
Background:
Management of trauma involves long-term bed rest even when muscle strength in the lower extremities is preserved. Prolonged bed rest reduces muscle mass and causes muscle atrophy. A recent study reported the efficacy of rehabilitation using electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for muscle strength maintenance in intensive care unit patients with disturbance of consciousness. However, despite the expected benefits of EMS in maintaining muscle strength, little is known about its efficacy in trauma patients.
Methods/Design:
A single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial of 40 patients with pelvic fracture to test the effectiveness of 14 days of EMS. The primary outcome will be change in cross-sectional area of the thigh muscle between pre and post intervention, as measured on computed tomography images. We will analyze the primary endpoint by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and analyze the secondary endpoints in an exploratory manner.
Conclusion:
If our hypothesis is confirmed, this study will provide evidence that the use of EMS can be effective in preventing muscle atrophy.
Trial Registration:
UMIN registration number: UMIN000030190 . Registered on 1 December 2017.
Related Concept Videos
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Self-Efficacy

