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Related Concept Videos

Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

25.3K
Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
25.3K
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

43.2K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
43.2K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

4.9K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
4.9K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.3K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.3K
Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases01:14

Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases

2.7K
This lesson deals with the crossed aldol reaction using weak bases. The self-condensation of an aldehyde having α hydrogen is prevented by adding it slowly to a mixture of formaldehyde and weak bases like hydroxide and alkoxide. Upon slow addition of the aldehyde, the base deprotonates the α carbon of the aldehyde to form the corresponding enolate. The enolate subsequently attacks the formaldehyde to form a single crossed product. Figure 1 depicts the aforementioned reaction.
2.7K
Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid01:20

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

9.0K
The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
9.0K

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Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres
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Weak interactions in furan dimers.

Irena Majerz1

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland. majerz@yahoo.com.

Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design
|September 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Theoretical methods revealed that furan dimers form through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions. For dihydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran dimers, stacking interactions are the primary driving force for molecule association.

Keywords:
2,3-Dihydrofuran2,5-DihydrofuranFuranHydrogen bondNCIQTAIMStackingTetrahydrofuran

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Molecular interactions
  • Physical organic chemistry

Background:

  • Furan and its derivatives are prevalent heterocyclic compounds with diverse applications.
  • Understanding intermolecular forces is crucial for predicting molecular behavior and material properties.
  • Previous studies have explored various aspects of furan chemistry, but dimer formation mechanisms require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the non-covalent interactions responsible for dimer formation in furan, 2,3-dihydrofuran, 2,5-dihydrofuran, and tetrahydrofuran.
  • To compare the energetic contributions of different interaction types, such as hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking.
  • To elucidate the dominant forces governing the self-assembly of these cyclic ethers.

Main Methods:

  • Quantum Chemical Topology (QTAIM) analysis to characterize electron density distribution and bonding.
  • Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) analysis to visualize and quantify weak interactions.
  • High-level theoretical calculations to model dimer structures and interaction energies.

Main Results:

  • Furan dimers are stabilized by both C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and pi-stacking interactions, with comparable energy contributions.
  • For 2,3-dihydrofuran, 2,5-dihydrofuran, and tetrahydrofuran dimers, pi-stacking interactions are the predominant attractive forces.
  • The degree of saturation in the furan ring influences the balance between hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The mechanism of dimer formation varies depending on the saturation of the furan ring.
  • Stacking interactions play a significant role in the self-assembly of dihydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran derivatives.
  • Theoretical methods like QTAIM and NCI provide valuable insights into the nature of intermolecular forces in heterocyclic systems.