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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Review of structured light in diffuse optical imaging.

Joseph P Angelo1, Sez-Jade Chen2, Marien Ochoa2

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sensor Science Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|September 16, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structured light enhances diffuse optical imaging for deep tissue analysis. This review covers spatial frequency-domain imaging, optical tomography, and single-pixel imaging for fast, quantitative physiological and molecular insights.

Keywords:
compressed sensingdiffusionimagingreviewspatial frequenciestomography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Diffuse optical imaging enables deep tissue visualization.
  • Structured light methodologies significantly improve quantitative diffuse optical techniques.
  • Spatial light modulators facilitate wide-field implementations for enhanced imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current advancements in structured light-based diffuse optical imaging techniques.
  • To explore applications in structural, functional, metabolic, and molecular imaging.
  • To highlight methods for fast, depth-resolved characterization of tissue properties.

Main Methods:

  • Spatial frequency-domain imaging (SFDI) theory, measurement, and analysis.
  • Optical tomography (OT) including fluorescence molecular tomography.
  • Single-pixel imaging (SPI) methodologies and applications.

Main Results:

  • Structured light enables fast, quantitative imaging of deep tissues.
  • SFDI, OT, and SPI offer diverse capabilities for tissue analysis.
  • Preclinical and clinical applications demonstrate diagnostic and guidance potential.

Conclusions:

  • Structured light is a powerful tool for advancing diffuse optical imaging.
  • These techniques provide valuable physiological and molecular information.
  • Further development promises enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic applications.