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Rifle bullet deflection through a soft tissue simulant.

F Riva1, E J A T Mattijssen2, W Kerkhoff2

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Bullet trajectory deflections were studied in gelatine. Longer penetration depths and bullet fragmentation significantly increased trajectory deviation, crucial for forensic trajectory reconstructions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ballistics
  • Forensic Science
  • Wound Ballistics

Background:

  • Understanding bullet trajectory is critical in forensic investigations.
  • Rifle bullet behavior after tissue perforation influences trajectory reconstruction.
  • Previous studies have not fully quantified deflection based on penetration depth and bullet type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify trajectory deflections of 5.56 NATO and 7.62×39mm rifle bullets.
  • To correlate deflection magnitude with penetration depth and wound channel characteristics in gelatine.
  • To provide data for improving accuracy in forensic trajectory analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Firing 5.56 NATO and 7.62×39mm bullets through calibrated gelatine blocks of varying lengths (7.5, 15, 22.5 cm).
  • Measuring the angular deflection of bullets from their original trajectory after perforation.
  • Observing bullet fragmentation and analyzing wound channel profiles.

Main Results:

  • Deflection was minimal (<1°) at shallow penetration depths (7.5 cm).
  • Increased penetration depth led to bullet instability and significantly larger deflections.
  • Fragmented 5.56 NATO bullets exhibited the highest deflection after 22.5 cm penetration.

Conclusions:

  • Bullet deflection is dependent on penetration depth and bullet integrity.
  • Data supports enhanced accuracy in trajectory reconstructions in forensic casework.
  • This research provides empirical evidence for bullet-path deviation in ballistic investigations.