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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

A Step by Step Protocol for Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits
Published on: September 13, 2016
Outer Retinal Defects Represent a Normal Recovery Pathway Following Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Macular
Background And Objective:
To examine perioperative factors associated with the development of outer retinal defects (ORDs) following surgical repair of macular holes (MHs).
Patients And Methods:
An institutional review board-approved, retrospective, interventional cohort study was conducted. Patients who underwent MH repair during a 5-year period were identified. Statistical analysis was conducted to detect significant perioperative associations to ORD development.
Results:
One hundred twenty-four eyes were included, and 54% developed an ORD following surgery. These defects correlated with lower preoperative stage (P = .0057), preoperative phakia (P = .036), and lack of prior macular surgery (P = .0016). Patients in the ORD group had significantly better preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (P = .031 and P = .0004, respectively), but there was no difference in change in acuity from preoperatively to 3 months postoperatively when compared with control patients (P = 42). The majority (89%) of ORDs resolved by 24 months postoperatively.
Conclusion:
The development of ORDs appears to be correlated with several factors indicative of favorable overall eye health and less advanced pathology and may represent a normal state of recovery after MH repair with internal limiting membrane peeling. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:e1-e8.].
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