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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
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[Renal functional diagnostics using magnetic resonance imaging].

Hanne Kirsch1, Hans-Joachim Mentzel2

  • 1Sektion Kinderradiologie, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced MRI techniques like functional MR urography offer valuable renal functional evaluation. These methods assess perfusion, oxygenation, and diffusion, aiding diagnosis in chronic kidney disease and transplanted kidneys.

Keywords:
Arterial spin labeling (ASL)BOLD-MRIDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI)Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)Functional MR urography (fMRU)

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has advanced, enabling new functional renal evaluation techniques.
  • Methods like functional MR urography (fMRU), arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and BOLD-MRI are now available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of advanced MRI techniques for comprehensive renal functional assessment.
  • To highlight the application of these techniques in evaluating various renal pathophysiological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced MRI sequences including fMRU, ASL, DWI, DTI, and BOLD-MRI.
  • Evaluated the assessment of renal perfusion, oxygenation, interstitial diffusion, glomerular filtration, and obstructive uropathy.

Main Results:

  • These MRI techniques provide valid functional data for renal evaluation.
  • They are effective in assessing transplanted kidneys, chronic kidney disease, and renal tumors.
  • fMRU offers reliable renal function assessment alongside high-resolution morphological evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced MRI methods are crucial for comprehensive renal functional and morphological evaluation.
  • Widespread clinical adoption requires further technical improvements, large-scale studies, and standardized protocols.