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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
  • Prediabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, is a growing public health concern.
  • Understanding the long-term risks associated with persistent prediabetes is essential for effective prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between persistent prediabetes and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • To analyze the CVD risk associated with prediabetes in the four years preceding a CVD event.
  • To evaluate the impact of sustained prediabetes on cardiovascular outcomes in an occupational cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study.
  • 197 CVD cases were matched with 985 controls based on age, sex, and worksite.
  • Prediabetes was defined by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and/or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels; persistent prediabetes was defined as having prediabetes at one and four years prior to the index date.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with persistent prediabetes had a significantly higher risk of CVD compared to those with persistent normoglycemia (OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.31–5.25) after adjustment for confounders.
  • Prediabetes identified at single time points also showed an elevated CVD risk (OR: 1.72–2.13).
  • The association between persistent prediabetes and CVD risk remained significant after adjusting for BMI, smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Conclusions:

  • Prediabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Sustained prediabetes over a four-year period is strongly associated with increased CVD risk.
  • Timely identification and management of prediabetes are critical for preventing cardiovascular events.