Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

1.9K
The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
1.9K
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

31.9K
The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
31.9K
Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

3.6K
The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
3.6K
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

5.9K
The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
5.9K
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

4.9K
The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
4.9K
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium01:26

Regulation of Sodium and Potassium

2.3K
The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Filippone et al. Inhibition of LRRK2 Attenuates Depression-Related Symptoms in Mice with Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. <i>Cells</i> 2023, <i>12</i>, 1040.

Cells·2026
Same author

The Use of Statins in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease: A 2021-2025 State-of-the-Art Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.

Pharmacology research & perspectives·2026
Same author

Nrf2/NOX2 Pathway Dysregulation and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Gaucher Disease-Associated Parkinsonism: Insights Into a Potential Therapeutic Target.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine·2026
Same author

RETRACTED: Scuderi et al. Efficacy of a Product Containing Xyloglucan and Pea Protein on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Partial Restraint Stress Animal Model. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2022, <i>23</i>, 2269.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

ABCB1 Polymorphisms Influence on Temozolomide Resistance and Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Patients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Aesculus hippocastanum Extract Enhances Temozolomide Sensitivity in Glioblastoma Cells.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
09:46

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

Published on: June 16, 2016

21.4K

Sodium Butyrate Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Spinal Cord Injury.

M Lanza1, M Campolo1, G Casili1

  • 1Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy.

Molecular Neurobiology
|September 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Sodium butyrate (SB) demonstrates neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). SB treatment improved motor function and reduced histopathology, suggesting its therapeutic potential for SCI.

Keywords:
InflammationNeurodegenerative diseaseNeuroinflammationShort-chain fatty acidSodium butyrateSpinal cord injury

More Related Videos

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
08:07

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

13.2K
A Tissue Displacement-based Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice
07:59

A Tissue Displacement-based Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice

Published on: June 18, 2017

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
09:46

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

Published on: June 16, 2016

21.4K
Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
08:07

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

13.2K
A Tissue Displacement-based Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice
07:59

A Tissue Displacement-based Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice

Published on: June 18, 2017

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Sodium butyrate (SB) is a microbial fermentation product with neuromodulatory functions.
  • Emerging evidence suggests butyrate's therapeutic potential in metabolic and inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroprotective effects of SB in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI).
  • To elucidate the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SB action in SCI.

Main Methods:

  • SCI induced via extradural compression; SB administered orally post-injury.
  • Locomotor activity assessed; histopathology evaluated using H&E staining.
  • NF-κB pathway components (NF-κB, IκB-α), COX-2, iNOS, and cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) analyzed.

Main Results:

  • SB treatment dose-dependently ameliorated SCI-induced histopathology.
  • Significant improvement in motor function recovery observed with SB administration.
  • SB modulated the NF-κB pathway, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.

Conclusions:

  • SB exerts significant neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects following spinal cord injury.
  • SB modulates key inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB signaling.
  • SB shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury treatment.