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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Ammonia Fiber Expansion AFEX Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
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Recovering cellular biomass from fluids using chemical flocculation.

Paul A Kenward1,2, Rachel L Simister1,2, Connor Morgan-Lang1

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Environmental Microbiology Reports
|September 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We developed an efficient method using chemical flocculation to recover over 90% of cellular biomass from complex fluids. This technique enables DNA extraction for microbial community analysis in challenging environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional filtration methods are inadequate for processing complex fluid matrices.
  • Efficient recovery of cellular biomass is crucial for microbial analysis in such samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient, scalable, and inexpensive method for recovering cellular biomass from complex fluid matrices.
  • To enable high-quality DNA extraction from recovered biomass for microbial community profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical flocculation using iron oxyhydroxides to aggregate cellular biomass.
  • Validation using mock communities and field samples, including hydraulic fracturing fluids.
  • DNA extraction from iron flocs using standard soil extraction kits.

Main Results:

  • Recovery of greater than 90% of cellular biomass from fluids with >10^3 cells/mL.
  • Successful DNA extraction yielding high-quality genetic material.
  • Identification of diverse microbial taxa, including Epsilon- and Deltaproteobacteria, in hydraulic fracturing fluids.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical flocculation is an effective method for recovering cellular biomass from challenging fluid matrices.
  • This method facilitates scalable microbial community profiling and shotgun metagenomics.
  • Opens new avenues for monitoring microbial dynamics in complex fluids over time.