Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in experimental periodontitis: A systematic review

Recently, several studies demonstrated the potential of using specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), as a novel approach, in treating periodontitis in pre-clinical models. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the biological actions of SPMs on periodontal tissues in animals with experimentally induced periodontitis. This systematic review was performed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were searched in three databases. Meta-analysis was not performed because of the data heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed using Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) Risk of Bias tool. Six studies using an experimental periodontitis model to test the efficacy of SPMs were selected. Resolvin E1 and lipoxins were topically applied to treat experimental periodontitis. Alveolar bone loss could be significantly prevented and regenerated by applying SPMs, when compared to the control group. The dosages of SPMs and the periods of disease induction varied based on the pre-clinical model employed. Two studies further demonstrated the positive shift in microbial composition, in line with positive shift in inflammatory status, that are regulated by SPMs. Clinical studies are needed to optimize the application of SPMs in treating periodontal diseases in humans.