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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms
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When a Reactivated Visual Mask Disrupts Serial Recall.

Amandine E Rey1, Rémy Versace1, Gaën Plancher1

  • 11 EMC Laboratory, University Lyon 2, France.

Experimental Psychology
|September 21, 2018
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Summary

Attentional refreshing in working memory reactivates sensory memory traces. Reactivating irrelevant information disrupts this process, impairing memory recall and confirming the role of sensory reactivation in refreshing.

Keywords:
maskingrefreshingsensorial memory tracesworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Attentional refreshing is theorized to maintain information in working memory by increasing activation levels.
  • Previous evidence for memory trace reactivation in refreshing is largely indirect.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying attentional refreshing remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide direct evidence that attentional refreshing involves memory trace reactivation.
  • To investigate if reactivating irrelevant memory traces interferes with attentional refreshing.
  • To determine if reactivated memory traces are sensory in nature.

Main Methods:

  • A complex span task involving encoding and refreshing of visual stimuli (pictures).
  • Experiment 1: A reactivated visual mask was presented during stimulus encoding.
  • Experiment 2: A reactivated visual mask was presented during the refreshing period.
  • Experiment 3: Further validation of the refreshing account.

Main Results:

  • Serial recall performance was significantly impaired when a reactivated mask was used during encoding compared to a control.
  • Impaired serial recall was also observed when the reactivated mask was presented during the refreshing phase.
  • Results consistently supported the hypothesis that refreshing relies on memory trace reactivation.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional refreshing critically depends on the reactivation of memory traces.
  • The reactivated memory traces involved in refreshing are sensory in nature.
  • Interference with sensory memory reactivation disrupts attentional refreshing and working memory performance.