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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
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Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems
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A Neural Network Framework for Cognitive Bias.

Johan E Korteling1, Anne-Marie Brouwer1, Alexander Toet1

  • 1TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology
|September 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive biases arise from intrinsic brain mechanisms, not just psychological or evolutionary factors. A new neural network framework explains how principles like association and focus lead to heuristic decision-making.

Keywords:
braincognitive biasesdecision makingheuristicsinformation processingneural networksneurosciencerationality

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Human decision-making deviates from rationality through heuristics and cognitive biases.
  • Existing theories (cognitive-psychological, ecological, evolutionary) are descriptive but lack explanatory mechanisms for cognitive biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unifying neural network framework explaining the underlying mechanisms of cognitive biases.
  • To elucidate why the brain defaults to heuristic ('Type 1') decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a neural network framework based on four fundamental principles: Association, Compatibility, Retainment, and Focus.
  • Analyzed how these principles, inherent to biological neural networks, contribute to cognitive biases.

Main Results:

  • Identified four core neural network principles (Association, Compatibility, Retainment, Focus) that explain heuristic decision-making.
  • Demonstrated how these principles lead to systematic information processing distortions, contributing to various cognitive biases.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive biases stem from intrinsic brain mechanisms optimized for biological functions, not solely external factors.
  • The proposed neural network framework offers a unifying explanation for diverse cognitive bias phenomena, complementing existing perspectives.