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Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Index01:13

Therapeutic Index

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The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
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Therapeutic Communication01:30

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Communication is a lifelong learning process. Through therapeutic communication, nurses can collect relevant assessment data, provide education and counseling, and interact during nursing interventions. Sending and receiving messages occur through verbal and nonverbal communication techniques and can happen separately or simultaneously.
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Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses01:26

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Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

Aniruddha Agarwal1, Kanika Aggarwal, Kusum Sharma

  • 1This case is submitted by Drs. Aniruddha Agarwal, Kanika Aggarwal, Suryaprakash Sharma, Nirbhai Singh, Amod Gupta, and Vishali Gupta, Advanced Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Dr. Kusum Sharma, Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Mycobacteriology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Dr. Aman Sharma, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Dr. Digambar Behera, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; commented by Dr. Thomas Albini (Miami, Florida).

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No abstract available in PubMed .

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