Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Assessing Dominant-Submissive Behavior in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: December 16, 2022
Parenting Behaviors after Moderate - Severe Traumatic Injury in Early Childhood
Megan E Narad1, Amery Treble-Barna2, Huaiyu Zang3
1Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
Abstract:
Purpose: Examine the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on parenting behavior over time. Method: Included 206 children (3-7 years old) with moderate to severe TBI or orthopedic injury, using a prospective longitudinal cohort study design. Assessments completed at baseline, 6-months, 12-months, 18-months, 3.5 years, and 6.8 years after injury. Dependent variables included authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian parenting. Results: Injury characteristics had limited impact on parenting behaviors over time. Levels of authoritative parenting remained stable over time; however, levels of warmth and involvement declined over time for those with TBI. Levels of permissive and authoritarian parenting declined for all participants by 3.5 years post injury. SES and stressors impacted parenting behaviors. Conclusions: While there was limited effect of TBI on parenting behavior over time, it remains unclear how individuals respond to these parenting behaviors years after injury. Clinicians should monitor family and parenting behaviors to foster an environment to promote positive recovery.
Related Concept Videos
Parental Care
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
Relationship with Parents: Attachment
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
Traumatic Memory
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood
The first four of Erikson's eight...

