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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
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Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability01:30

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability

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The drug distribution process within the human body is a complex interplay of various physicochemical properties inherent to the drugs. These properties, including molecular size, ionization degree, partition coefficient, and stereochemical nature, significantly impact how drugs permeate biological membranes to reach their target tissues.
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Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors

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Drug distribution in the human body is a complex process influenced by various individual factors, including age, pregnancy, obesity, diet, body water composition, pH levels, and specific disease conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay
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Factor IX from prothrombin complex concentrate augments low dose tissue factor-triggered thrombin generation

S Hasan1, E Abuelkasem2, B Williams1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

British Journal of Anaesthesia
|September 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) significantly boosts thrombin generation, especially with factor IX (FIX) and factor VIII (FVIII). Standard dosing may underestimate PCC’s full procoagulant potential.

Keywords:
blood coagulation factorscoagulantshaemostasisthrombin

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Author Spotlight: High-Sensitivity Tissue Factor Activity Assay for Plasma Diagnosis
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Coagulation Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is widely used for acquired coagulopathy.
  • Current PCC dosing relies on prothrombin time, which doesn't fully capture coagulation factor contributions.
  • Factor IX (FIX) within PCC may significantly impact thrombin generation dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of factor IX (FIX) in prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) on thrombin generation.
  • To analyze the synergistic effects of PCC, FIX, and factor VIII (FVIII) on coagulation.
  • To evaluate the impact of hemodilution on PCC's procoagulant activity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of thrombin generation in normal, FIX-deficient, and warfarinized plasma using PCC.
  • Assessment of PCC effects at varying concentrations and in combination with FVIII.
  • Evaluation of thrombin generation kinetics, including procoagulant and inhibitory phases, under different conditions including 40% dilution.

Main Results:

  • FIX-deficient plasma exhibited markedly reduced peak thrombin generation and endogenous thrombin potential compared to normal plasma.
  • PCC addition significantly increased thrombin generation in FIX-deficient plasma.
  • Combined FVIII and PCC restored normal thrombin generation, with hemodilution enhancing procoagulant effects by slowing inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Factor IX from PCC substantially enhances tissue factor-activated thrombin generation, particularly with elevated FVIII.
  • Hemodilution potentiates the procoagulant effects of FIX and FVIII by modulating enzyme inhibition.
  • Prothrombin time-based PCC dosing may not fully reflect its procoagulant capacity due to unmeasured intrinsic pathway factors and antithrombin activity.