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Echo Particle Image Velocimetry
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Accelerated silent echo-planar imaging.

Patrick Liebig1, Robin M Heidemann2, Bernhard Hensel3

  • 1Cent. of Med. Phys. and Biomed. Eng., Friedrich-Alexander-Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|September 22, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two new Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) methods enable Cartesian parallel imaging with reduced acoustic noise and improved sampling efficiency. The iterative reconstruction method offers higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but longer processing times.

Keywords:
Acoustic noiseEPIInterlaced FTIterative reconstructionNon-CartesianParallel imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Image Reconstruction

Background:

  • Standard Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) uses trapezoidal readout gradients and blipped phase-encoding (PE).
  • Sinusoidal readout gradients offer reduced acoustic noise but challenge Cartesian parallel imaging.
  • Existing methods for non-blipped EPI reconstruction are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate two novel approaches for reconstructing non-blipped EPI data.
  • To enable the use of Cartesian parallel imaging techniques with continuous data sampling in EPI.
  • To reduce acoustic noise and improve sampling efficiency compared to standard blipped EPI.

Main Methods:

  • Method 1: Separating k-space data into odd/even echoes, applying Cartesian GRAPPA separately, and summing results.
  • Method 2: Employing an iterative parallel imaging algorithm for reconstruction from non-Cartesian data samples.

Main Results:

  • Method 1 reduced image SNR by 11-60% and introduced folding artifacts at acceleration factor 3.
  • Method 2 produced minor fold-over artifacts with SNR comparable to blipped EPI.
  • Both methods allow Cartesian parallel imaging with continuous data sampling and reduced echo-spacing.

Conclusions:

  • Two new EPI reconstruction methods are presented, facilitating Cartesian parallel imaging and reducing acoustic noise.
  • The iterative reconstruction method (Method 2) yields higher SNR but requires more computation time.
  • These techniques enhance sampling efficiency and reduce echo-spacing in EPI.