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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

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Transclival Venous Circulation: Anatomic Study.

Juan J Altafulla1, Rabjot Rai2, Sebastian Shrager2

  • 1Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.

World Neurosurgery
|September 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Transclival veins, connecting the basilar and retropharyngeal venous plexuses, were identified in 66.7% of cadaveric specimens. This study provides crucial anatomical insights into skull base venous drainage.

Keywords:
AnatomyClival diploic veinsClivusEmissary veinsTransclival veins

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Anatomy
  • Skull Base Anatomy

Background:

  • The clivus, a critical basal cranial region, presents surgical challenges due to limited access and high morbidity risks.
  • Comprehensive anatomical knowledge of the clival region is vital for successful treatment and accurate imaging interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first cadaveric examination of transclival veins.
  • To document the presence, origin, and pathways of transclival venous structures.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen embalmed adult heads were utilized for the study.
  • Blue latex was injected into the internal jugular veins to visualize venous structures.
  • Transclival vessels were identified, and their intracranial source, clival penetration points, and anterior connections were meticulously documented.

Main Results:

  • Transclival veins were observed in 10 out of 15 specimens (66.7%).
  • These veins consistently linked the basilar venous plexus to the retropharyngeal venous plexus.
  • The majority of transclival veins penetrated the lower third of the clivus, with some also found in the upper third.

Conclusions:

  • This research enhances the understanding of skull base venous drainage patterns.
  • Improved anatomical knowledge of transclival veins aids clinicians and surgeons in managing normal, pathological, and variant anatomy in this complex region.