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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples
Published on: June 9, 2016
Blind identification of magnetic signals in electron magnetic chiral dichroism using independent component analysis
Jakob Spiegelberg1, Dongsheng Song2, Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski3
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Abstract:
Electron magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) is a promising technique to investigate local magnetic structures in the electron microscope. However, recognition of the EMCD signal, or also finding optimal parameter settings for given materials and sample orientations typically requires extensive simulations to aid the experiment. Here, we discuss how modern data processing techniques, in particular independent component analysis, can be used to identify magnetic signals in an unsupervised manner from energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images. On the background of the recent advent of 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy, we discuss how this data processing may enable simultaneous tracking of all three spatial components of the magnetic momenta for arbitrary materials and several sample orientations without the previous need of complementary simulations.
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