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Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Published on: March 14, 2019
The Molecular Basis of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Sarah F Andres1, Kathy N Williams1, Anil K Rustgi1
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
Purpose Of Review:
Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a vexing clinical problem. In contrast to early stage disease, once CRC metastasizes to other organs, long-term survival is compromised. We seek to review the molecular pathogenesis, animal models, and functional genomics for an enhanced understanding of how CRC metastasizes and how this can be exploited therapeutically.
Recent Findings:
Mouse models may recapitulate certain aspects of metastatic human CRC and allow for studies to identify regulators of metastasis. Modulation of transcription factors, onco-proteins, or tumor suppressors have been identified to activate known metastatic pathways. CD44 variants, microRNAs and RNA binding proteins are emerging as metastatic modulators.
Summary:
CRC metastasis is a multi-faceted and heterogeneous disease. Despite common pathways contributing to metastatic development, there are numerous variables that modulate metastatic signals in subsets of patients. It is paramount that studies continue to investigate metastatic drivers, enhancers and inhibitors in CRC to develop therapeutic targets and improve disease outcomes.
Insights
Understanding colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis is key to improving survival. Research reviews molecular pathways, animal models, and genomics to find new therapeutic targets for metastatic CRC.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) presents significant challenges to long-term patient survival.
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving CRC metastasis is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular pathogenesis of CRC metastasis.
- To examine animal models used in CRC metastasis research.
- To explore functional genomics for therapeutic exploitation of CRC metastasis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of molecular pathogenesis in CRC metastasis.
- Analysis of animal models that recapitulate human metastatic CRC.
- Investigation of functional genomics studies identifying metastasis regulators.
Main Results:
- Mouse models offer insights into human CRC metastasis.
- Key regulators identified include transcription factors, oncoproteins, and tumor suppressors.
- Emerging modulators of metastasis include CD44 variants, microRNAs, and RNA-binding proteins.
Conclusions:
- CRC metastasis is a complex and heterogeneous process.
- Common pathways exist, but patient-specific variables influence metastatic signals.
- Continued research into metastatic drivers, enhancers, and inhibitors is vital for therapeutic development and improved outcomes.
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