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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation
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Cancer evolution and heterogeneity.

Koshi Mimori1, Tomoko Saito1, Atsushi Niida2

  • 1Department of Surgery Kyushu University Beppu Hospital Beppu Japan.

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|September 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from a parental clone branching into subclones. Advanced CRC exhibits neutral evolution, where minor mutations dominate in later stages.

Keywords:
The ratio between the rate of non‐synonymous substitutions per non‐synonymous site and the rate of synonymous substitutions per synonymous sitecellular automatonintratumor heterogeneityvariant allele frequencywhole‐exome sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Cancer Biology
  • Evolutionary Medicine

Background:

  • Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) contributes to cancer treatment resistance.
  • Genomic technologies enable detailed analysis of ITH in solid tumors.
  • ITH patterns vary significantly across different cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genomic landscape and evolutionary dynamics of colorectal cancer (CRC).
  • To identify mechanisms driving ITH in advanced CRC.
  • To explore the role of neutral evolution in CRC progression.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome profiling of multiple tumor regions from nine CRC cases.
  • Super-computational analysis to validate evolutionary models.
  • Development and analysis of a branching evolutionary process model for cancer.

Main Results:

  • A parental clone branching into numerous subclones was observed in late-stage CRC.
  • Neutral evolution, characterized by dominant minor mutations in advanced stages, was identified.
  • Driver gene aberrations were more prevalent in early-acquired phases than late-acquired phases.
  • Factors promoting ITH under neutral evolution in advanced CRC were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Neutral evolution is a key driver of ITH in advanced colorectal cancer.
  • Branching evolutionary models provide insights into cancer progression.
  • Understanding ITH mechanisms is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.