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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection
Published on: January 26, 2019
The Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Pathogen Recognition Receptor Signaling
Mariana Marques1, Ana Rita Ferreira2, Daniela Ribeiro3
1Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED-and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. mar.marques@ua.pt.
Abstract:
The cellular antiviral innate immune response is triggered upon recognition of specific viral components by a set of the host's cytoplasmic or membrane-bound receptors. This interaction induces specific signaling cascades that culminate with the production of interferons and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines that act as antiviral factors, suppressing viral replication and restricting infection. Here, we review and discuss the different mechanisms by which each of these receptors is able to recognize and signal infection by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), an important human pathogen mainly associated with severe brain defects in newborns and disabilities in immunocompromised individuals. We further present and discuss the many sophisticated strategies developed by HCMV to evade these different signaling mechanisms and counteract the cellular antiviral response, in order to support cell viability and sustain its slow replication cycle.
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