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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Animal Model of Implant-Associated Infections in Mice
Published on: June 27, 2025
Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections
Christopher J Arnold1, Vivian H Chu2
1Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800545, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0545, USA.
Abstract:
Infections associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices are increasing and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors for acquisition of these infections. The complex diagnostic and management strategies associated with these serious infections are reviewed with an emphasis on recent updates and advances, as well as existing controversies. Additionally, the latest in preventative strategies are reviewed.
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