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Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism Over 37 Years in Ireland

Niamh McGrath1,2, Colin P Hawkes3, Ciara M McDonnell1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and.

Pediatrics
|September 23, 2018
PubMed

Insights

The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) has significantly increased in Ireland over 37 years. This rise in detected CHT cases occurred despite a consistent newborn screening protocol.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is a primary cause of preventable learning disabilities.
  • Newborn screening for CHT in Ireland began in 1979 using a consistent protocol.
  • The study examines CHT incidence over 37 years within a complete national population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of CHT in the Republic of Ireland from 1979 to 2016.
  • To analyze trends in CHT detection over a 37-year period.
  • To investigate potential factors influencing CHT incidence changes.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed newborn screening records for CHT diagnoses between 1979 and 2016.
  • Included infants diagnosed with CHT based on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
  • Analyzed screening data from over 2.3 million infants.

Main Results:

  • Identified 1063 cases of CHT, with an overall incidence of 0.45 per 1000 live births.
  • Detected CHT incidence rose from 0.27/1000 (1979-1991) to 0.65/1000 (2005-2016).
  • Increased detection was primarily in infants with normal or hyperplastic thyroid glands.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of CHT has significantly increased in Ireland over 37 years.
  • This increase occurred despite an unchanged newborn screening protocol and cutoff.
  • The rise is not attributable to improved preterm infant survival or population changes.
Abstract

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