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Related Concept Videos

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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Air-sampled Filter Analysis for Endotoxins and DNA Content
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Air-sampled Filter Analysis for Endotoxins and DNA Content

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Recent advances in endotoxin tolerance.

Dan Liu1, Shousong Cao1, Yejiang Zhou2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|September 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Endotoxin tolerance reduces the body's inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. This review explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance, crucial for treating sepsis and related diseases.

Keywords:
apoptosischromatin modification and gene reprogrammingendotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)endotoxin tolerancehost defensemicroRNAsnegative regulate factorstoll-like receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Endotoxin tolerance is a state where cells exhibit reduced responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after initial exposure.
  • This tolerance involves decreased release of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β).
  • It acts as a host defense mechanism against excessive inflammation but its precise molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance.
  • To outline the current knowledge on the involvement of TLR4 signaling, regulatory factors, microRNAs, apoptosis, and gene reprogramming in immune cells.
  • To provide a scientific basis for clinical treatments of endotoxin-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways, including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways.
  • Investigation of factors such as microRNAs, apoptosis, chromatin modification, and gene reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • Endotoxin tolerance is characterized by altered expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines.
  • Multiple cellular pathways, including TLR4 signaling, are implicated in its development.
  • Mechanisms involve negative regulatory factors, microRNAs, apoptosis, chromatin modification, and immune cell gene reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • Endotoxin tolerance is a complex process involving intricate cellular and molecular pathways.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing effective treatments for sepsis, endotoxemia, and endotoxin shock.
  • Further research into immune cell reprogramming and regulatory factors can offer new therapeutic strategies.