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Metabolic syndrome and pre-eclampsia.

M C E Hooijschuur1, C Ghossein-Doha1, A A Kroon2,3

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Early-onset pre-eclampsia (EO-PE) with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates significantly increases the risk of postpartum metabolic syndrome. Identifying these high-risk pregnancies aids in targeted cardiovascular care.

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cardiovascular riskmetabolic syndromepre-eclampsia

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication associated with long-term cardiovascular risks.
  • Different phenotypes of PE may confer varying degrees of postpartum metabolic syndrome risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between distinct pre-eclampsia phenotypes and the development of postpartum metabolic syndrome.
  • To identify formerly pre-eclamptic women with a heightened cardiovascular risk profile for tailored follow-up.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 1102 women with a history of pre-eclampsia.
  • Women were categorized into four groups based on PE onset (early-onset <34 weeks vs. late-onset ≥34 weeks) and neonate size (small-for-gestational-age vs. appropriate).
  • Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular/cardiometabolic evaluations were performed postpartum.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic syndrome prevalence was highest in early-onset PE with small-for-gestational-age neonates (25.8%).
  • Early-onset PE with small-for-gestational-age significantly elevated the risk (OR 5.85) compared to late-onset PE.
  • History of small-for-gestational-age, early-onset PE, and systolic blood pressure were key predictors of postpartum metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Postpartum metabolic syndrome risk is significantly higher with early-onset pre-eclampsia combined with small-for-gestational-age neonates.
  • Both the timing of pre-eclampsia onset and fetal growth critically influence the risk of developing metabolic syndrome post-pregnancy.