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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
Published on: June 21, 2019
Objective Predictors of Grit, Self-Control, and Conscientiousness in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants
Christopher L Camp1, Dean Wang, Norman S Turner
1From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (Dr. Camp), the Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY (Dr. Wang and Dr. Kelly), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (Dr. Turner), the Department of Orthopedics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (Dr. Grawe), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (Dr. Kogan).
Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to identify objective predictors of grit, self-control, and conscientiousness in orthopaedic surgery residency applicants.
Methods:
The following attributes were assessed in 455 applicants: grit, self-control, conscientiousness, consistency of interest, perseverance of effort, and ambition. These measures were correlated with standard, objective demographics obtained during the application process.
Results:
Alpha Omega Alpha status, additional degrees, and number of publications did not predict any of the studied attributes. Grit increased with age (P < 0.001) but decreased with increasing board scores (P = 0.004). Former collegiate athletes demonstrated greater grit (P < 0.001), consistency of interest (P = 0.007), perseverance (P = 0.006), and self-control (P = 0.019). Female applicants demonstrated more grit (P = 0.044), consistency of interest (P = 0.003), and conscientiousness (P = 0.029) than males. Applicants with military experience had increased ambition (P = 0.033) and conscientiousness (P = 0.001).
Conclusion:
Overall, orthopaedics applicants possess increased grit compared with the general public, and a number of objective variables reliably predicted the studied attributes.
Level Of Evidence:
Level III, Cross-sectional study.
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